A FEW PARAGRAPHS ABOUT TOBACCO AMBLYOPIA.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia: a diagnostic dilemma.
INTRODUCTION Tobacco alcohol amblyopia is an outdated term for a rare condition characterized by visual impairment due to tobacco and alcohol abuse usually associated with nutritional deficiencies. The more accurate term used now is Nutritional Optic Neuropathy. The visual impairment generally presents as a centrocecal scotoma. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood but it is generally attrib...
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It is well established that a proportion of patients with tobacco amblyopia have pernicious anaemia or some other demonstrable defect of vitamin B12 metabolism (Leishman, 195I; Heaton, McCormick, and Freeman, I958; Freeman and Heaton, I96I; Foulds, Chisholm, Bronte-Stewart, and Wilson, I968). We have examined 65 cases of tobacco amblyopia diagnosed according to the criteria of Heaton and others...
متن کاملVitamin B 12 absorption in tobacco amblyopia.
It is well established that a proportion of patients with tobacco amblyopia have pernicious anaemia or some other demonstrable defect of vitamin B12 metabolism (Leishman, 195I; Heaton, McCormick, and Freeman, I958; Freeman and Heaton, I96I; Foulds, Chisholm, Bronte-Stewart, and Wilson, I968). We have examined 65 cases of tobacco amblyopia diagnosed according to the criteria of Heaton and others...
متن کاملAbsorption of vitamin B12 in tobacco amblyopia.
In view of the evidence that some abnormality of the metabolism of vitamin B12 is present in tobacco amblyopia (Callender and Denborough, I957; Heaton, McCormick, and Freeman, I958; Chisholm, Bronte-Stewart, and Foulds, I967), it was thought possible that absorption of the vitamin might be reduced in patients with the disease. The patients studied were male pipe smokers with bilateral acquired ...
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We discuss the (conjugated) Bubnov–Galerkin and Petrov–Galerkin infinite element (IE) discretizations to Helmholtz equation including the use of elements of locally variable order, optimal choice of IE shape functions, calculation of Echo Area (EA), and automatic hp-adaptivity. The discussion is illustrated with 2D numerical experiments. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. MSC classificatio...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
سال: 1898
ISSN: 0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1898.72440650029001k